This study focuses on changes in work ability according to old-age, individual early, and disability pensions over a 28-year time period. This prospective follow-up study showed significant differences in the development of work ability according to different pension benefits pre and post-retirement. Individuals who exited the workforce due to old age showed a steady decline in their self-rated work ability during follow-up. For those who exited the workforce due to individual early retirement or disability pension, a Ushaped curve, with a distinctive post-retirement recovery was detected. In addition to aging, the changes may be due to several situational factors.