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Broadband characterisation of the very intense TeV flares of the blazar 1ES 1959+650 in 2016

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Broadband characterisation of the very intense TeV flares of the blazar 1ES 1959+650 in 2016

http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2020120499497
Teksti
Acciari, V. A. (V. A.) ; Ansoldi, S. (S.) ; Antonelli, L. A. (L. A.) ; Engels, A. A. (A. Arbet) ; Baack, D. (D.) ; Babic, A. (A.) ; Banerjee, B. (B.) ; Barres de Almeida, U. (U.) ; Barrio, J. A. (J. A.) ; Becerra Gonzalez, J. (J.) ; Bednarek, W. (W.) ; Bellizzi, L. (L.) ; Bernardini, E. (E.) ; Berti, A. (A.) ; Besenrieder, J. (J.) ; Bhattacharyya, W. (W.) ; Bigongiari, C. (C.) ; Biland, A. (A.) ; Blanch, O. (O.) ; Bonnoli, G. (G.) ; Bosnjak, Z. (Z.) ; Busetto, G. (G.) ; Carosi, R. (R.) ; Ceribella, G. (G.) ; Chai, Y. (Y.) ; Cikota, S. (S.) ; Colak, S. M. (S. M.) ; Colin, U. (U.) ; Colombo, E. (E.) ; Contreras, J. L. (J. L.) ; Cortina, J. (J.) ; Covino, S. (S.) ; D'Elia, V. (V.) ; Da Vela, P. (P.) ; Dazzi, F. (F.) ; De Angelis, A. (A.) ; De Lotto, B. (B.) ; Delfino, M. (M.) ; Delgado, J. (J.) ; Di Pierro, F. (F.) ; Do Souto Espineira, E. (E.) ; Prester, D. D. (D. Dominis) ; Donini, A. (A.) ; Dorner, D. (D.) ; Doro, M. (M.) ; Elsaesser, D. (D.) ; Ramazani, V. F. (V. Fallah) ; Fattorini, A. (A.) ; Fernandez-Barral, A. (A.) ; Ferrara, G. (G.) ; Fidalgo, D. (D.) ; Foffano, L. (L.) ; Fonseca, M. V. (M. V.) ; Font, L. (L.) ; Fruck, C. (C.) ; Fukami, S. (S.) ; Gallozzi, S. (S.) ; Garcia Lopez, R. J. (R. J.) ; Garczarczyk, M. (M.) ; Gasparyan, S. (S.) ; Gaug, M. (M.) ; Godinovic, N. (N.) ; Green, D. (D.) ; Guberman, D. (D.) ; Hadasch, D. (D.) ; Hahn, A. (A.) ; Herrera, J. (J.) ; Hoang, J. (J.) ; Hrupec, D. (D.) ; Inada, T. (T.) ; Inoue, S. (S.) ; Ishio, K. (K.) ; Iwamura, Y. (Y.) ; Jouvin, L. (L.) ; Kubo, H. (H.) ; Kushida, J. (J.) ; Lamastra, A. (A.) ; Lelas, D. (D.) ; Leone, F. (F.) ; Lindfors, E. (E.) ; Lombardi, S. (S.) ; Longo, F. (F.) ; Lopez, M. (M.) ; Lopez-Coto, R. (R.) ; Lopez-Oramas, A. (A.) ; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. (B.) ; Maggio, C. (C.) ; Majumdar, P. (P.) ; Makariev, M. (M.) ; Mallamaci, M. (M.) ; Maneva, G. (G.) ; Manganaro, M. (M.) ; Mannheim, K. (K.) ; Maraschi, L. (L.) ; Mariotti, M. (M.) ; Martinez, M. (M.) ; Masuda, S. (S.) ; Mazin, D. (D.) ; Micanovic, S. (S.) ; Miceli, D. (D.) ; Minev, M. (M.) ; Miranda, J. M. (J. M.) ; Mirzoyan, R. (R.) ; Molina, E. (E.) ; Moralejo, A. (A.) ; Morcuende, D. (D.) ; Moreno, V. (V.) ; Moretti, E. (E.) ; Munar-Adrover, P. (P.) ; Neustroev, V. (V.) ; Niedzwiecki, A. (A.) ; Nigro, C. (C.) ; Nilsson, K. (K.) ; Ninci, D. (D.) ; Nishijima, K. (K.) ; Noda, K. (K.) ; Nogues, L. (L.) ; Nothe, M. (M.) ; Nozaki, S. (S.) ; Paiano, S. (S.) ; Palacio, J. (J.) ; Palatiello, M. (M.) ; Paneque, D. (D.) ; Paoletti, R. (R.) ; Paredes, J. M. (J. M.) ; Penil, P. (P.) ; Peresano, M. (M.) ; Persic, M. (M.) ; Moroni, P. G. (P. G. Prada) ; Prandini, E. (E.) ; Puljak, I. (I.) ; Rhode, W. (W.) ; Ribo, M. (M.) ; Rico, J. (J.) ; Righi, C. (C.) ; Rugliancich, A. (A.) ; Saha, L. (L.) ; Sahakyan, N. (N.) ; Saito, T. (T.) ; Sakurai, S. (S.) ; Satalecka, K. (K.) ; Schweizer, T. (T.) ; Sitarek, J. (J.) ; Snidaric, I. (I.) ; Sobczynska, D. (D.) ; Somero, A. (A.) ; Stamerra, A. (A.) ; Strom, D. (D.) ; Strzys, M. (M.) ; Suric, T. (T.) ; Takahashi, M. (M.) ; Tavecchio, F. (F.) ; Temnikov, P. (P.) ; Terzic, T. (T.) ; Teshima, M. (M.) ; Torres-Alba, N. (N.) ; Tsujimoto, S. (S.) ; van Scherpenberg, J. (J.) ; Vanzo, G. (G.) ; Vazquez Acosta, M. (M.) ; Vovk, I. (I.) ; Will, M. (M.) ; Zaric, D. (D.) ; Hayashida, M. (M.)
EDP Sciences

Abstract

1ES 1959+650 is a bright TeV high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object exhibiting interesting features like “orphan” TeV flares and broad emission in the high-energy regime that are difficult to interpret using conventional one-zone Synchrotron Self-Compton (SSC) scenarios. We report the results from the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) observations in 2016 along with the multi-wavelength data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and Swift instruments. MAGIC observed 1ES 1959+650 with different emission levels in the very-high-energy (VHE, E >  100 GeV) γ-ray band during 2016. In the long-term data, the X-ray spectrum becomes harder with increasing flux and a hint of a similar trend is also visible in the VHE band. An exceptionally high VHE flux reaching ∼3 times the Crab Nebula flux was measured by MAGIC on the 13 and 14 of June, and 1 July 2016 (the highest flux observed since 2002). During these flares, the high-energy peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED) lies in the VHE domain and extends up to several TeV. The spectrum in the γ-ray (both Fermi-LAT and VHE bands) and the X-ray bands are quite hard. On 13 June and 1 July 2016, the source showed rapid variations in the VHE flux within timescales of less than an hour. A simple one-zone SSC model can describe the data during the flares requiring moderate to large values of the Doppler factors (δ ≥ 30−60). Alternatively, the high-energy peak of the SED can be explained by a purely hadronic model attributed to proton-synchrotron radiation with jet power Ljet ∼ 10⁴⁶ erg s⁻¹ and under high values of the magnetic field strength (∼100 G) and maximum proton energy (∼few EeV). Mixed lepto-hadronic models require super-Eddington values of the jet power. We conclude that it is difficult to get detectable neutrino emission from the source during the extreme VHE flaring period of 2016.

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