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Opinnäytetyössä tuodaan esille tapoja, jolla Metso Minerals, DC Europessa pyrkii tehostamaan laskutustaan ja lopulta automatisoimaan suuren osan siitä. Tavoitteena on löytää tapoja, joilla täyttää parhaiten asiakkaiden vaatimukset. Työssä käytetään hyväksi SAPia toiminan ohjausjärjestelmänä ja Baswarea ulkoistettuna laskutusjärjestelmänä. Lisäksi tutkaillaan laskutuksen vaikutusta toimintaketjuun kokonaisuutena.
Radiografia kehittyy jatkuvasti uusien kuvantamistapojen ja kuvantamisen tekniikan kehittymisen myötä. Jotta röntgenhoitajat pysyvät mukana tässä kehityksessä tulee heidän hallita uuden tiedon hankkiminen, löydetyn tiedon kriittinen arviointi ja tiedon soveltaminen käytännön työhön. Tätä kutsutaan näyttöön perustuvaksi toiminnaksi. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa röntgenhoitajien näkemyksiä omista tiedonhankintataidoistaan ja näyttöön perustuvan tiedon hyödyntämisestä. Näitä näkemyksiä selvitettiin sähköisen kyselylomakkeen avulla, mikä lähetettiin 150 röntgenhoitajalle. Tavoitteena oli tuottaa Kuvantamiskeskukselle tietoa sen alueella työskentelevien röntgenhoitajien kokemuksista näyttöön perustuvan tiedon hyödyntämisestä omassa työskentelyssään. Tavoitteena oli lisäksi selvittää, mihin työnsä osa-alueisiin röntgenhoitajat kokevat tarvitsevansa lisää tietoa. Tutkimustehtäviä oli kolme: Miten röntgenhoitajat kokevat näyttöön perustuvan toiminnan toteutuvan omassa työssään? Millä tavoilla röntgenhoitajat hankkivat uutta tietoa? Mihin työnsä osa-alueisiin röntgenhoitajat haluavat uutta tietoa? Opinnäytetyön menetelmäksi valittiin kvantitatiivinen eli määrällinen tutkimus. Kyselyyn vastasi 63 röntgenhoitajaa, eli vastausprosentti oli 42. Tuloksista ilmenee, että röntgenhoitajat kokevat ajanpuutteen vaikeuttavan uuden tiedon hankkimista. Myös uuden tiedon käyttöönotto koettiin hankalaksi etenkin suurissa työyksiköissä. Työhön haetaan tietoa mieluiten toisilta röntgenhoitajilta ja internetistä. Vastausten mukaan eniten uutta tietoa halutaan lasten kuvantamisesta sekä kuvantulkinnasta. Röntgenhoitajat ovat pääsääntöisesti halukkaita etsimään uutta tietoa ja tuomaan sitä osaksi omaa työskentelyään, mutta kokevat sen osin hankalaksi työyhteisön motivoinnin puutteen ja ajanpuutteen vuoksi. Röntgenhoitajat haluavat kehittää tietojaan ja työtapojaan, kunhan siihen saa työyhteisön ja työnantajan tukea. Jatkotutkimusaiheena voisi olla laadullinen kyselytutkimus samasta aihealueesta tai sen osasta, jolloin näyttöön perustuvan toiminnan hyödyntämisestä saisi syvällisempää tietoa röntgenhoitajilta.
Tutkielma käsittelee ohjelmistoprojektista eriytetyn testausprojektin työmääräarviointia. Tutkielmassa arvioidaan koko ohjelmistoprojektin kattavien työmääräarviomallien soveltumista testausprojektien työmääräarviointiin. Lisäksi perehdytään joihinkin testauksen työmäärään huomattavasti vaikuttaviin ohjelmistoprosesseihin ja -tekniikoihin. Testauksen automatisointi on eräs keino vaikuttaa merkittävästi testauksen työmäärään. Tutkielmassa pohditaan, milloin automatisointi on kannattavaa ja millä eri tavoilla sitä on mahdollista suorittaa. Lisäksi tutkielmassa esitellään joitakin automatisointiin liittyviä työkaluja.
Background: Youth mortality from drugs is worryingly increasing in Europe. Little is so far known about what substance use services are available to young people. An out-of-home care placement is often used but does not suffice alone as an intervention in problematic substance use among youth. Additional interventions are needed. Objective: This narrative review investigated what has been done, what works, and what is needed in treating youth substance use in the Nordic countries from the viewpoint of social services. This study brought together previous Nordic studies on this topic and presented responses to youth substance use in Nordic social welfare system to the wider international audience. Methods: A search of the ProQuest and EBSCOhost databases revealed seven interventions reported in 17 papers. Narrative synthesis was used. Results: Interventions included the Cannabis Cessation Program (CCP), the Icelandic version of the Motivation to Change Inventory for Adolescents, the Norwegian multisystemic therapy program (MST), the Structured Interview Manual UngDOK implemented in the Swedish Maria clinics, the Finnish ADSUME-based intervention in school health care, and the Swedish Comet 12–18 and ParentStep 13–17 programs. Many interventions had originated in the US rather than in the Nordic countries and most of them were adapted from adult interventions when youth specificity was lacking. Parental involvement was deemed important, but ineffective without involving the adolescent themself. Interventions and ways for dealing with young offenders required reconsideration from the perspective of the best interests of the child. The current research focuses on universal prevention while more knowledge about selective and indicative prevention was called for. Conclusions: Not enough is known about the cessation of problematic youth substance use and subsequent rehabilitation in social services. We would encourage further research on the multi-producer system, subscriber-provider-cooperation in youth substance use services, non-medical youth-specific substance use interventions in social services, and rehabilitative juvenile drug offense practices.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people’s daily lives on multiple levels. At highest risk are the most vulnerable members of the society, whose lives were already affected by various risks even before the pandemic. This study investigates how clients in inpatient substance use disorder treatment experienced the COVID-19 restrictions and their influence on recovery. The research data consists of six focus group interviews conducted remotely using a semi-structured thematic interview method. The focus group clients (N = 19) were currently in inpatient substance abuse treatment during the pandemic and the ensuring restrictions. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results show that the COVID-19 restrictions have influenced the clients’ desistance processes throughout the pandemic. The restrictions seemed to exacerbate substance abuse problems before treatment initiation and highlight the importance of peer support during treatment. Moreover, the restrictions seemed to change the function and hamper the management of social capital, raise concerns about returning home, as well as intensifying the inter-municipal segregation of services. To conclude, attention should be paid to facilitating and ensuring informal support and managing social capital. In light of this study, it seems necessary to explore the social conditions among clients in inpatient substance abuse treatment during the pandemic.
Aims: The purpose of this research was to elicit how parents attending family-focused substance abuse treatment construct their parenthood in relation to other people. Design: Relational parenthood of addiction treatment attendees is scrutinised from seven thematic interviews carried out in a community-based inpatient substance abuse treatment unit in Finland. The core analytical concept of the research is relationality. The data were first content coded via Atlas.ti22 and the relations and codes classified into the five following parenthood types emerging from the data: (1) worn-out; (2) coping; (3) ambivalent; (4) changing; and (5) supported. Content codes and parenthood types were cross-tabulated to ascertain how these types are emphasised in different relationships. Results: Worn-out and coping parenthood types emerged in the closest relationships, mostly with their own children and the other parent. Ambivalent parenthood was present in all relations as expressions of inner conflict, which can lead to changing parenthood. Changing parenthood emerged in relation to interviewees’ own children as an empowering experience. It also emerged in relation to other people as readiness to accept help. Supported parenthood was most often found in relation to significant others and professionals, presumably due to the context of the interviews. Conclusion: The parenthood types illustrate how parenting changes over time, which is also an important part of social identity change in recovering from addiction. In treatment, it is extremely important to understand the different sides of parenthood and to use the information to strengthen clients’ parenthood.
The concept of addiction has expanded in recent decades to include diverse behaviours in addition to addiction to specific substances. Hence, the understanding of what constitutes normal behaviour and what constitutes addiction has been constantly changing. Substance-abusing clients are typically seen as having additional behavioural addictions, which manifest during their substance abuse treatment. In this article, we study the constructions of normality, deviance and the techniques of governmentality, produced by the discourses of behavioural addiction found in interviews with workers in an inpatient substance abuse treatment unit. Five identified discourses–psychological, disease, sociocultural, family and normalizing–differ from each other as regards to what is understood as addictive behaviour as opposed to normality and how it is explained; normality can be construed, for example, as the balance between internal emotions, health and adequate parenting, which may be beyond the reach of those addicted. What is considered a behavioural addiction is questioned in the normalizing discourse. Discourses also differ as regards to the techniques of governmentality and in the ways individual responsibility is understood.
The pandemic caused by COVID-19 (an acute respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus) has had harmful effects on people in need of special support. People with problematic substance use are recognized as such a group. The pandemic has raised the need for sufficient treatment and services during these unpredictable conditions. At the same time, it poses severe challenges to their production and provision. The purpose of the study was to use content analysis to qualitatively examine Finnish professionals’ (N = 22) views on (1) the challenges posed by COVID-19 in working in inpatient substance abuse treatment, (2) how these challenges have been addressed, and (3) what the consequences of the challenges and the solutions to them are. The findings confirmed that COVID-19 has caused drastic changes in the organization of treatment and daily practices. Professionals experience challenges in preventing infection from spreading into and within treatment units. They also describe difficulties in applying social distancing in treatment that is based on therapeutic communities. The pandemic has also challenged communication and co-worker support among professionals. These challenges have led to practical solutions that, in turn, have their own consequences for treatment practices. We conclude that the quality of treatment has to some extent been impaired because of the pandemic.
Social work is a demanding profession requiring a range of skills, competencies, and knowledge. Students are expected to learn about these practice related issues through immersion in real world experiences during their practice placement. A cross-sectional, retrospective survey was used to explore Finnish social work students’ (N = 95) experiences of learning activities employed by their supervisors during the practice placement, and the usefulness of these activities for developing professional competence and a sense of social work identity. Findings confirmed that students received a wide range of learning opportunities during their placement, but that there was considerable variation in the regularity of learning activities. The most useful learning activities included a collaborative working relationships and activities involving the student and their practice teacher, such as feedback, reflecting on work, feelings and values, observing others, and being assisted to learn new skills. In contrast, providing theoretical perspectives and linking theory to practice were regarded as least useful. Students with a lower overall learning activity score, were less likely to develop an understanding of social work identity during their placement. These results contribute to a growing evidence base, which can inform social work academics and practice teachers about learning activities that need to be offered to promote practice competence and professional identity of students, in preparation for professionally qualifying.