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Detta examensarbete handlar om penningtvätt. Vad betyder ordet, hur gör man en anmälan vid misstanke, vem är anmälningsskyldig och vilka straff kan man få för penningtvätt? Att få helt stopp på penningtvätt är inte lätt. Trots befintliga regler ökar fallen av penningtvätt och därför försöker bl.a. justitieministeriet nu hitta nya åtgärder för att bekämpa penningtvätt. I vårt arbete ville vi speciellt betona vikten av att göra en anmälan vid misstanke om penningtvätt. För att få svar på några av våra frågor gjorde vi en intervju med en anställd vid Centralkriminalpolisens underrättelseavdelning/bekämpning av penningtvätt. Dessutom baserar sig vårt arbete på arkivstudier. Målet med vårt arbete var att öka kännedomen om vad penningtvätt egentligen är, vem som är anmälningsskyldig vid misstanke om penningtvätt och vem som enligt lag kan bli dömd för penningtvätt. I arbetet beskrivs några verkliga fall av penningtvätt och vi tar upp några tecken på när man borde vara extra misstänksam och vart man i sådana fall skall vända sig.The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to increase our knowledge of money laundering: what does it mean, who is obligated to report suspicion of money laundering and what are the consequences for someone who is found guilty. Despite existing regulations money laundering is a growing phenomenon and because of that the Ministry of Justice is trying to find new measures to fight money laundering. To get some answers to our questions we made an interview with an employee at the National Bureau of Investigation. In addition our thesis is also based on literature studies. In our work we specially wanted to emphasize the importance of reporting suspected money laundering. The thesis describes some real cases and we point out some signs of possible money laundering that should alert each of us, and give suggestions of where to turn in that case.
In the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicles are increasingly taking space in everyday life. From autonomous cars to delivery drones, Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are everywhere, in every field. More than ever, safety is an important matter, as human error is responsible for more than nine car accidents out of ten. If autonomous vehicles are to replace humans for some daily tasks to reduce accidents or for any other reason, they have to be tested carefully. With a combination of hardware and AI, interactions can be difficult to understand and reproduce in real-life conditions. Moreover, the infinite number of scenarios that can happen in real situations does not help, as it is impossible to test them all, due to both the time and the money that testing takes. A popular method used to test those CPS driven by AI is test-falsification via scenario-based validation. This consists on trying to falsify requirements to see and detect which kinds of behaviors are problematic. This master's thesis aims to satisfy output coverage criteria problem for black-box systems, criteria which are sets of mutually exclusive requirements that reflect the different possible behaviors of CPS. The aim is to find a witness, i.e. inputs that create a test that falsifies the requirement, for each single requirement of the criterion. The algorithm proposed in this thesis runs multiple searches using multiple generative models at the same time. With the help of a multi-armed bandit selector that aims to reduce the number of executions by choosing inputs that have a good chance of falsifying remaining requirements of the output criterion, the algorithm tries to find a witness in as few executions as possible. Evaluated on three different problems, the proposed algorithm, named Test suite Generation for Output Coverage (TGOC) achieves satisfying results, being consistently able to find witnesses for output coverage criteria faster, i.e. with fewer executions, than random search or sequential falsification, with more requirements covered.
This research recognizes the absence of a term that defines color prejudices and racial discrimination in the Arab world. Accordingly, this study proposes the notion of anti-blackness to examine color-based discrimination in Egypt. By identifying anti-blackness as part of a multilayered socio-cultural process, this research engages with the historical, social, and cultural factors that led to its development. This research also explores the implications of anti-blackness on black people living in Egypt. A sample of media is analyzed using the critical discourse analysis (CDC) method to observe the portrayal of black people in Egyptian media. This study concludes that the historical development of social stigma and cultural stereotypes around blackness has led to anti-blackness in Egyptian society.
This master’s thesis is a study of the phenomena of Black women’s joy what it is, why it matters, and how it is helpful in resisting oppression, including racism, sexism, and social exclusion. It is an attempt to grasp the scope of the social exclusion of Black women in anti-Black and sexist dominant cultures. The Black experience entails learning through specified and insinuated language what one can and cannot do according to the barriers and rules of the dominant culture. Those social norms and ways of being are written and unwritten, and a tone policing exists by the dominant culture to reinforce said norms. The importance of this research aims to explore what Black women’s joy is and how Black women’s joy pushes back on the policing of Black women’s existence and the gender inequalities they experience. It resists the boxes or cages systemically created for Black women. The topic was inspired by the reality of how within the Black experience there is a necessity to navigate oppressive terrain that leaves Black women emotionally, physically, and mentally exhausted and traumatised. Black women choosing to live with joy is a radical act. Thus, Black women’s joy, why it matters, and how it helps in resistance against oppression is a rigorous act of love. Personal experiences depicted via poetry, vignettes, and traditional academic writing is used to share the research and its findings. The vignettes as well as poetry are created from diary entries, which are a record of the researcher’s personal experiences of a Black American woman in general and while living as an international student in Finland in particular. The theories of social exclusion, affect theory, feminist theory, social interaction, and social construction are used as a lens to view and better understand the extent of the marginalisation of Black women and how Black joy is effective as resistance to oppression. The materials for this thesis are personal accounts, autoethnographical material, that have been transformed into a suite of poetry that has been analysed using the methods of autoethnography and poetic inquiry. Experiences related to racial and gender inequality and social exclusion leave Black women with a particular trauma and exhaustion while simultaneously equipping them with particular skills that can lead them from trauma to triumph. Negative experiences can be transformed into positives. Black women’s lived experiences help them to understand their own power. When looking closely at Black women’s journeys of inequity and social exclusion, it is evident that they often acquire tools to handle adversity. There is a connection between one’s own trauma and learning to navigate unfavourable environments. Being able to experience and share joy is especially needed for Black women who are constantly inundated with inhumane acts of racism, sexism, and social exclusion. In response to such substantial issues, the message that “Black joy is an act of resistance” is central to their fight against oppression.
In this Master's thesis, I critically engage with the concept of gendered racial socialization and inquire how socialization transmissions influence Black women's experiences and identities in Finland. By accumulating knowledge from five semi-structured interviews, this introspection aims to explore the leverage of gendered racial socialization messages and understand how Black women in Finland make meaning of their experiences. Centering Black women's authentic experience enables this thesis to illuminate how socialization messages informed by socially constructed ideas are circulated in a manner that objectifies Black women and influences their sense of self. The theoretical frameworks of critical race theory and intersectionality guide this research, supplementarily to phenomenological and narrative qualitative research approaches. The theoretical frameworks and research approaches converge to emphasize how the interview participants make meaning from their lived experiences and connect their experiences to societal issues. Notions such as white normativity, microaggressions, internalized racism, and belonging to Finnish society are integral to this research. Furthermore, the interviews establish the significance of cultivating radical self-love and defying the interpersonal consequences of gendered racial socialization messages. The general purpose of this research is to accentuate the authentic experiences of Black women in Finland and present discernment on how inequalities are sustained through gendered racial socialization messages.