An increasingly urbanizing planet that struggles with a shifting climate has called for new technologies and methods for transportation, power production, housing etc. Aging and overtaxed sanitation infrastructures are seeing pres-sure to change as well. As man-made and natural disasters increasingly affect urban communities the need for effective emergency sanitation has never been greater. Based off the continued success of the NGO SOIL found in Haiti (2006-present), this thesis suggests that the most effective sanitation solutions both logistically and in terms of design are those that implement dry toilet technologies. Design and construction of dry toilets that encourage community involvement and local materials along with the management and operation of composting sites is arguably the most realistic approach to long-term urban community disaster relief. This thesis considers many of the current actors and standards within the field of emergency response as is it concerns sanitation. Basic design and techniques for composting large amount of human waste are also discussed. Finally, the authors own attempts at dry toilet design and building are presented.