This research addresses the question of where do drones provide the greatest benefits in the humanitarian logistics’ ‘last mile’ context? The research evaluates different drone models and evaluates their suitability for different applications and contexts.

The research was conducted mainly as a literature review. This data was complemented by empirical data that was derived from a questionnaire distributed among professionals working either with drones or on humanitarian operations. Two professionals filled out the questionnaire. However, their contribution is significant from the perspective of this research due to their expertise in the field.

Drones have two main functions within humanitarian logistics – mapping of the terrain affected by crises and delivery of goods to those affected by the crisis. Of these, mapping is by far the most common, with 60% of drone usage being focused on this function. Delivery of goods is limited by the low carrying capacity of drones, and as such they are best used for small, specialty loads, such as medical supplies.

This research finds that drones are most beneficial in earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and large-scale accidents, where mapping the magnitude of the disaster helps in planning the most appropriate relief response. Fixed wing model drones are the most suitable in most cases of disasters, but have limitations related to their requirements in relation to space for take-off and landing, as well as due to their high purchase price. The hybrid-model drone, on the other hand, is useful for delivering loads in challenging terrain, such as mountainous areas.

More R&D and unified regulations are needed to further develop the field of drones in HL. Practitioners would also welcome further collaboration in this are in terms of information sharing. Use of drone fleets instead of individual drones should be explored further to increase the overall capacity of drone-assisted deliveries.

The topic is relevant as humanitarian crises are affected by more and more people worldwide. The technology behind drones is also under constant development and therefore drones can offer considerable potential to support humanitarian relief missions in the future.